Qui facit per alium facit per se - "Who acts through another, acts himself." One who delegates a task to another, takes full responsibility for the performance of that act as if he himself had done it. Basis for the law of agency.⏎
Prout patet per recordum - "As appears in the record." Used to cite something that has already been admitted into the record. It was frequently used in pleadings, generally abbreviated "prout &c.", to indicate that a fact was supported by documentary evidence. Failure to use this phrase correctly could be a fatal defect and so cause a case to fail.[7]⏎
Pacta sunt servanda - Agreements must be kept. Contracts are the law or contracts establish obligations (between those who sign them).⏎
Probatio vincit praesumptionem - Proof overcomes presumption.⏎
Nulla poena sine lege or nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali - "No penalty without law" or "no crime, no punishment without a previous penal law". (1) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that is not prohibited by law. (2) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that was not prohibited by law at the time and place it was committed, notwithstanding laws made since that time. A form of prohibition on retroactive laws.⏎