Discovery - Procedures used to obtain disclosure of evidence before trial.⏎
Debtor - A person who has filed a petition for relief under the Bankruptcy Code.⏎
De novo - Latin, meaning "anew." A trial de novo is a completely new trial. Appellate review de novo implies no deference to the trial judge's ruling.⏎
Consumer debts - Debts incurred for personal, as opposed to business, needs.⏎
En banc - French, meaning "on the bench." All judges of an appellate court sitting together to hear a case, as opposed to the routine disposition by panels of three judges. In the Ninth Circuit, an en banc panel consists of 11 randomly selected judges.⏎